In the new era of high-quality economic development, the demographic dividend in China needs to transform from the quantity dividend of labor force to the efficiency dividend of labor allocation, and the key to release the efficiency dividend of labor allocation is to guide the flow of labor force between regions reasonably. This paper constructs a two-region equilibrium model and reveals the theoretical mechanism of interregional labor mobility to promote the growth of total factor productivity leading to releasing the efficiency dividend of labor allocation. Our empirical analysis shows that there is a downward trend in the efficiency dividend of labor allocation in China which even decays prior to the quantitative dividend of labor force. The inflection point of “non-significant” appeared to occur in 2006. Interregional labor mobility promotes the release of labor allocation efficiency dividend at the one percent significant level, and the increased labor mobility has had an acceleration effect. The heterogeneity test suggests that in the area with greater elasticity of labor price supply or higher marginal production capacity of labor force, increased labor inflow would promote the release of labor allocation efficiency dividend.

Using the data from CLDS, this paper analyzes the changing trend of health gap between rural migrants and urban residents as well as the mechanisms causing this trend in the process of rural-urban migration. By applying the Logit model and Fairlie non-linear decomposition method, we find that: (1) There is a health loss mechanism during the rural-urban migration process in according with the “epidemiological paradox”. A transition is observed from health advantage into health disadvantage for rural migrants comparing to urban residents, suggesting that rural-urban migration has a negative impact on the health conditions of rural migrants; (2) The health maintenance factor and the health loss factor are important reasons for the health gap between rural migrants and urban residents, while the health loss factor is more important. Variables such as living environment, individual income deprivation, workload, and living with spouse have great contribution to the health gap; (3) The changing trend of health conditions of male and female rural migrants is consistent with the whole sample. The relationship of the health conditions between male and female rural migrants is in line with the “gender paradox of health”, with differing factors affecting the health conditions of male and female rural migrants.

Based on the data of demographic studies from leading journals in CSSCI database ( 2010-2012) in China，this paper conducts statistical analysis on keywords，authors，institutions and cited literatures using CiteSpace，an information system to explore current research status and developing trend of demography in China. Results show that recent academic attention has focused on issues such as family planning policy and population growth，economic growth and human capital，population aging and its influencing factors，and floating population and urbanization. Classical literatures popularly cited are“A Study on Children Left Behind”，“ Literature Review of Studies on Children Left Behind”， and “ Demographic Transition，Population Dividend，and Sustainability of Economic Growth: Minimum Employment As a Source of Economic Growth. ”. Besides，Center for Population and Development Studies at Renmin University of China，Institute of Population Research at Peking University，and School of Labor Economics at Capital University of Economics and Business are most important institutions in demographic research in China.